Many european countries and cultures have stories of werewolves, including Greece (lycanthropos), Russia (volkodlak), England (werwolf), Germany (wehrwolf), and France (loup-garou). In northern Europe, there are also tales about people changing into bears.
Shapeshifters similar to werewolves are common in mythologies from all over the world, though most of them involve animal forms other than wolves. See lycanthropy for a more general treatment of this phenomenon.
In Greek mythology the story of lycoan supplies one of the earliest examples of a werwolf legend. According to one form of it Lycaon was transformed into a wolf as a result of eating human flesh; one of those who were present at periodical sacrifice on Mount Lycaon was said to suffer a similar fate. Pliny, quoting Euanthes, says (Hist. Nat. viii. 22) that a man of the Antaeus family was selected by lot and brought to a lake in Arcadia, where he hung his clothing on an ash tree and swam across. This resulted in his being transformed into a wolf, and he wandered in this shape nine years. Then, if he had attacked no human being, he was at liberty to swim back and resume his former shape. Probably the two stories are identical, though we hear nothing of participation in the Lycaean sacrifice by the descendant of Antaeus. Herodotus (iv. 105) tells us that the Neuri, a tribe of eastern Europe, were annually transformed for a few days, and Virgil (Ecl. viii. 98) is familiar with transformation of human beings into wolves.
Monday, April 21, 2008
Number 10 Werewolves
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